React.js is a front end JavaScript framework for building interactive user interfaces in HTML, and communicating with a remote server. Express.js is a server-side application framework that wraps HTTP requests and responses, and makes it easy to map URLs to server-side functions. For cloud-native applications, MongoDB Atlas makes it even easier, by giving you an auto-scaling MongoDB cluster on the cloud provider of your choice, as easy as a few button clicks.Įxpress.js (running on Node.js) and React.js make the JavaScript/JSON application MERN full stack, well, full. MongoDB works extremely well with Node.js, and makes storing, manipulating, and representing JSON data at every tier of your application incredibly easy. MongoDB was designed to store JSON data natively (it technically uses a binary version of JSON called BSON), and everything from its command line interface to its query language (MQL, or MongoDB Query Language) is built on JSON and JavaScript. Let’s start with MongoDB, the document database at the root of the MERN stack. Yes, MERN is a full stack, following the traditional three-tier architectural pattern, including the front-end display tier (React.js), application tier (Express.js and Node.js), and database tier (MongoDB). If you’re looking to set up your own MERN stack, read on! Again, if you’re building in the cloud, you’ll want to look at Atlas. That’s where MongoDB comes in: JSON documents created in your React.js front end can be sent to the Express.js server, where they can be processed and (assuming they’re valid) stored directly in MongoDB for later retrieval. If your application stores any data (user profiles, content, comments, uploads, events, etc.), then you’re going to want a database that’s just as easy to work with as React, Express, and Node. Those functions, in turn, use MongoDB’s Node.js drivers, either via callbacks or using promises, to access and update data in your MongoDB database. Express.js has powerful models for URL routing (matching an incoming URL with a server function), and handling HTTP requests and responses.īy making XML HTTP Requests (XHRs) or GETs or POSTs from your React.js front end, you can connect to Express.js functions that power your application. Express.js bills itself as a “fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for Node.js,” and that is indeed exactly what it is. The next level down is the Express.js server-side framework, running inside a Node.js server. React’s strong suit is handling stateful, data-driven interfaces with minimal code and minimal pain, and it has all the bells and whistles you’d expect from a modern web framework: great support for forms, error handling, events, lists, and more. React lets you build up complex interfaces through simple components, connect them to data on your back-end server, and render them as HTML. The top tier of the MERN stack is React.js, the declarative JavaScript framework for creating dynamic client-side applications in HTML. The MERN architecture allows you to easily construct a three-tier architecture (front end, back end, database) entirely using JavaScript and JSON. Regardless of which variant you choose, ME(RVA)N is the ideal approach to working with JavaScript and JSON, all the way through. Express.js is a server-side web framework, and Node.js is the popular and powerful JavaScript server platform. Node(.js) - the premier JavaScript web serverĮxpress and Node make up the middle (application) tier.
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